{"id":498,"date":"2017-10-30T13:56:43","date_gmt":"2017-10-30T12:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/?p=498"},"modified":"2017-10-30T13:57:55","modified_gmt":"2017-10-30T12:57:55","slug":"birinci-enternasyonal-tuezuegue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/?p=498","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 ENTERNASYONAL T\u00dcZ\u00dc\u011e\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t<em>Sonradan Birinci Enternasyonal diye an\u0131lan Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi, 28 Eyl\u00fcl 1864&#8217;de Londra&#8217;da toplanan uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i toplant\u0131s\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n<p>\tBirli\u011fin Merkez Konseyi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan ve fiili \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi ve \u00f6nderi olan Karl Marx taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Kurulu\u015f \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile Birli\u011fin Ge\u00e7ici T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 27 Ekim 1864&#8217;de onayland\u0131. Ge\u00e7ici T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011fe dayand\u0131r\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan Genel T\u00fcz\u00fck Eyl\u00fcl 1871&#8217;de kabul edildi. 1872 Lahey Kongresi&#8217;nde Marx ve Engels taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan bir madde daha eklendi. <\/p>\n<p>\tI. Enternasyonal&#8217;in 153. kurulu\u015f y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Genel T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn son \u015feklini yay\u0131nl\u0131yoruz.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t  B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 ENTERNASYONAL<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<strong>ULUSLARARASI \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t       GENEL T\u00dcZ\u00dc\u011e\u00dc*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015funun i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kendi eseri olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin, s\u0131n\u0131fsal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar ve tekeller u\u011fruna de\u011fil, e\u015fit haklar ve g\u00f6revler ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011finin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele demek oldu\u011funu;<\/p>\n<p>\tB\u00fct\u00fcn bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7erisindeki k\u00f6leli\u011fin, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal sefaletin, zihinsel \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ve siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, yani ya\u015fam kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 tekelinde bulunduranlar\u0131n iktisadi boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131na girmelerinin yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>\t\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iktisadi kurtulu\u015funun, bu nedenle, her siyasal hareketin, bir ara\u00e7 olarak, t\u00e2bi olmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fcy\u00fck ama\u00e7 oldu\u011funu;<\/p>\n<p>\tBu b\u00fcy\u00fck amac\u0131 hedefleyen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131n, her \u00fclkedeki eme\u011fin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n eksik olu\u015fu ve de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda karde\u015f\u00e7e bir birlik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, bug\u00fcne dek ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>\tEme\u011fin kurtulu\u015funun ne yerel ve ne de ulusal bir sorun olmay\u0131p, modern toplumu i\u00e7eren b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeleri kucaklayan ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc en ileri \u00fclkelerin pratik ve teorik i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayanan toplumsal bir sorun oldu\u011funu;<\/p>\n<p>\t\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n en sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yeniden canlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, yeni umutlar do\u011furmakla birlikte, eski hatalara yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi bir uyar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve birbirlerinden h\u00e2l\u00e2 kopuk olan hareketlerin birle\u015ftirilmesini gerektirdi\u011fini;<\/p>\n<p>\t<strong>G\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, bu nedenle kurulmu\u015f bulunan Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\tB\u00fct\u00fcn derneklerin ve bunlara dahil bireylerin, renk, inan\u00e7 ya da milliyetlerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, hakikati, adaleti ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n temeli olarak kabul edeceklerini;<\/p>\n<p>\t<strong>G\u00f6revin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde hakk\u0131n, hakk\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde g\u00f6revin bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>kabul etti\u011fini,<\/p>\n<p>\t<strong>\u0130l\u00e2n eder.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\tA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki t\u00fcz\u00fck, i\u015fte bu anlay\u0131\u015fla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\t1.\tBu Birlik, de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerde bulunan ve ayn\u0131 amaca, yani i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, ilerlemesi ve tamam\u0131yla kurtulmas\u0131 amac\u0131na sahip i\u015f\u00e7i dernekleri aras\u0131nda merkezi bir ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak \u00fczere kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\t2.\tDerne\u011fin ad\u0131, &#8221;Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi&#8221;dir.<\/p>\n<p>\t3.\tHer y\u0131l Birli\u011fin \u015fubelerinin delegelerinden olu\u015fan bir Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kongresi toplan\u0131r. Bu Kongre, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00f6zlemlerini dile getirir. Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r ve Birli\u011fin Genel Konseyini atar.<\/p>\n<p>\t4.\tHer Kongre, bir sonraki Kongrenin toplanma zaman\u0131n\u0131 ve yerini saptar. Delegeler, herhangi  \u00f6zel bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, belirtilen zamanda ve yerde toplan\u0131rlar. Genel Konsey, gerekti\u011finde, toplant\u0131n\u0131n yerini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir, ama zaman\u0131n\u0131 erteleme yetkisi yoktur. Kongre, her y\u0131l, Genel Konseyin bulunaca\u011f\u0131 yeri saptar ve \u00fcyelerini se\u00e7er. Bu bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilen Genel Konsey, \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131na yeni eklemeler yapma yetkisine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tGenel Kongre, y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda, Genel Konseyin y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015flemleri konusunda resmi bir rapor al\u0131r. Genel Konsey, ivedi durumlarda, Genel Kongreyi ola\u011fan y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\t5.\tGenel Konsey, de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birlik i\u00e7inde temsil olunan i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden olu\u015fur. Kendi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan bir sayman, bir genel sekreter, her \u00fclke i\u00e7in bir sekreter, vb. gibi, i\u015fleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere gerekli g\u00f6revlileri se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p>\t6.\tBir \u00fclkenin i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, kendi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6teki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerdeki hareketlerinden s\u00fcrekli haberdar edilmeleri; Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerindeki toplumsal durum ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda ve ortak bir y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131; bir dernekte tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve herkesi ilgilendiren sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6tekiler taraf\u0131ndan da ele al\u0131nmas\u0131; ivedi pratik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde &#8211; \u00f6rne\u011fin uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar durumunda oldu\u011fu gibi &#8211; birle\u015fik derneklerin eylemlerinin zamanda\u015f ve uyumlu olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, Genel Konsey, Birli\u011fin farkl\u0131 ulusal ve yerel gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir Uluslararas\u0131 Ajans kurar. Uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen her durumda, Genel Konsey, farkl\u0131 ulusal ve yerel derneklere \u00f6nerilerde bulunur. Haberle\u015fmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, Genel Konsey, d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla raporlar yay\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n<p>\t7.\tHer \u00fclkedeki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, birlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir \u015feyle sa\u011flanamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan; \u00f6te yandan ise, Uluslararas\u0131 Genel Konseyin yararl\u0131 olmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta, ister i\u015f\u00e7i derneklerinin birka\u00e7 ulusal merkezindeki ko\u015fullara, ister \u00e7ok say\u0131daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve birbirlerinden kopuk yerel derneklerdeki ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmak zorunda oldu\u011fundan, Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fin \u00fcyeleri, kendi \u00fclkelerindeki birbirlerinden kopuk i\u015f\u00e7i derneklerini merkezi ulusal organlar taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen ulusal \u00f6rg\u00fctler halinde birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kullan\u0131rlar. Ama a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, bu kural\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, her \u00fclkenin \u00f6zg\u00fcl yasalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve Genel Konsey ile do\u011frudan haberle\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131, yasal engeller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yerel derne\u011fe kapal\u0131 tutulamaz.<\/p>\n<p>\t7. a**\tProletarya, m\u00fclk sahibi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n kollektif g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde, ancak m\u00fclk sahibi s\u0131n\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f eski partiler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir siyasal parti haline gelirse, bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak davranabilir.<br \/>\n\t\tProletaryan\u0131n siyasal bir parti haline gelmesi, toplumsal devrimin ve onun nihai hedefinin, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, zaferinin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, iktisadi m\u00fccadele ile zaten sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7birli\u011fi, bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n elinde, kendisini s\u00f6m\u00fcrenlerin siyasal iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde de bir manivela olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tToprak ve sermaye beyleri, iktisadi tekellerini savunmak ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve eme\u011fi k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, hep siyasal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararland\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, proletaryan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6revi siyasal iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\t8.\tHer kesim, Genel Konsey ile haberle\u015fmek \u00fczere, kendi sekreterini atama hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>\t9.\tUluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011finin ilkelerini kabul eden ve savunan herkes \u00fcye olabilir. Her \u015fube, kabul etti\u011fi \u00fcyelerin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/p>\n<p>\t10.\tUluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fin her \u00fcyesi yerle\u015fim yerini bir \u00fclkeden \u00f6tekine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fin karde\u015f\u00e7e deste\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\t11.\tUluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fe kat\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i dernekleri, birbirlerine ebedi karde\u015f\u00e7e i\u015fbirli\u011fi ba\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olsalar da, var olan \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini muhafaza ederler.<\/p>\n<p>\t12.\tHaz\u0131r bulunan delegelerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin de\u011fi\u015fiklikten yana olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, her Kongre, bu t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\t13.\tBu t\u00fcz\u00fckte belirtilmeyen b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar, her Kongrenin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmesine a\u00e7\u0131k olan \u00f6zel y\u00f6netmeliklerle tamamlan\u0131r.\t<\/p>\n<p>\t<em>* Marx &#8211; Engels, Se\u00e7me Yap\u0131tlar, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131&#8217;ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\t**\t1872 tarihli Lahey Kongresi Karar\u0131 ile Genel T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011fe eklenmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sonradan Birinci Enternasyonal diye an\u0131lan Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi, 28 Eyl\u00fcl 1864&#8217;de Londra&#8217;da toplanan uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i toplant\u0131s\u0131nda kuruldu. Birli\u011fin Merkez Konseyi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan ve fiili \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi ve \u00f6nderi olan Karl Marx taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Kurulu\u015f \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile Birli\u011fin Ge\u00e7ici T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 27 Ekim 1864&#8217;de onayland\u0131. Ge\u00e7ici T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011fe dayand\u0131r\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan Genel T\u00fcz\u00fck Eyl\u00fcl 1871&#8217;de kabul edildi. 1872 Lahey &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20,16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/498"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=498"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":500,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/498\/revisions\/500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}