Rusya’da Sosyal-Demokrat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in Ekim Devrimi’nden[2*] sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni ko\u015fullar parti edebiyati sorununu g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. Yasal bas\u0131nla yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bas\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m; feodal, otokratik Rusya d\u00f6neminden kalan bu hazin miras, art\u0131k ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak hen\u00fcz yitip gitm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir, buna daha \u00e7ok zaman var. Ba\u015fbakan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6ylesin azg\u0131n delilik halinde ki, Izvestia Soveta Rabochikh Deputatov,[3*] “yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131” bas\u0131l\u0131yor; ne var ki, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin engelleyecek g\u00fcc\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feyi “yasaklamak’ i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu budalaca giri\u015fimIer, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti rezil etmekten, daha \u00e7ok manevi darbeler almas\u0131na yola\u00e7maktan ba\u015fka sonu\u00e7 vermiyor.<\/p>\n
\tYasal bas\u0131nla yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bas\u0131n aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ralarda, partili bas\u0131n ile partili olmayan bas\u0131n sorunu, \u00e7ok basit ve \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f, sa\u00e7ma bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. B\u00fct\u00fcn yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bas\u0131n, \u00f6rg\u00fctlerce yay\u0131nlanmakta ve \u015fu ya da bu partili gruba ba\u011fl\u0131 gruplarca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekteydi. B\u00fct\u00fcn yasal bas\u0131n partili olmayan bas\u0131nd\u0131 (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc partiler yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131) ama, \u015fu ya da bu parti \u00e7evresinde “yo\u011funla\u015fmalar” vard\u0131. Do\u011fal olmayan yak\u0131nl\u0131klar, garip “dostluklar”, sahte dayan\u0131\u015fmalar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. Parti g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kimselerin zoraki sak\u0131nganl\u0131klar\u0131 ile bu d\u00fczeyde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere hen\u00fcz ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f kimselerin fikir zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ya da fikir korkakl\u0131klar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\tEzop\u00e7a bir dilin, edebi tutsakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, k\u00f6lece nutuklar\u0131n ve ideolojik kullu\u011fun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, lanet olasi bir d\u00f6nem! Rusya’da taze ve canl\u0131 ne varsa hepsini kurutan bu pis havaya proleterya bir son verdi. Ama Rusya’ya bug\u00fcne kadar ancak yar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131rabildi proletarya.<\/p>\n
\tDevrim hen\u00fcz sona ermedi. \u00c7arl\u0131k y\u00f6netirni devrimi yenecek g\u00fc\u00e7te de\u011fil, ama devrim de \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenecek g\u00fc\u00e7te de\u011fil daha. Kald\u0131 ki, apa\u00e7\u0131k, d\u00fcped\u00fcz, dosdo\u011fru ve tutarl\u0131 bir parti ruhu ile gizli, \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc, “diplomatik” ve sahte bir “yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n” her yerde ve her\u015feyde do\u011fal olmayan bir birle\u015fim i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu do\u011fal olmayan birle\u015fim bizim gazetede bile kendini g\u00f6steriyor; Bay Gu\u00e7kov \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 liberal burjuva gazetelerin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan Sosyal-Demokrat zorbal\u0131kla istedi\u011fi kadar alay etsin, Rus Sosyal-Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi’nin Merkez Organ\u0131 Proletary’ye [4] polis\u00e7e y\u00f6netilen, otokratik Rusya’n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu da bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n
\tNe olursa olsun, yar\u0131 yolda ilerleyen devrim, i\u015flerin yeni bir do\u011frultuda d\u00fczenlenebilmesi i\u00e7in hepimizin bir an \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya koyulrnas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc edebiyat\u0131n, “yasal” olarak yay\u0131nlanan\u0131 da dahil, onda dokuzu parti edebiyat\u0131 olabilir. Parti edebiyat\u0131 da olmak zorundad\u0131r. Burjuva t\u00f6relerine; kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayan, ticari burjuva bas\u0131n\u0131na, burjuva edebi kariyerizme ve bireycili\u011fe, “aristokratik anar\u015fizme” ve k\u00e2r pe\u015finde ko\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131t y\u00f6nde, sosyalist proleterya, parti edebiyat\u0131 ilkesini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmeli, bu ilkeyi geli\u015ftirmeli ve elden geldi\u011fince onu tam ve eksiksiz olarak prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irmelidir.<\/p>\n
\tBu parti edebiyati ilkesi nedir? Sosyalist proletarya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan edebiyat, bireyler ya da topluluklar i\u00e7in bir zenginle\u015fme arac\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r diyemeyiz sadece; edebiyat proletaryan\u0131n genel davas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, bireysel bir giri\u015fim olamaz kesinlikle. Kahrolsun partisiz yazarlar! Kahrolsun edebiyat\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn insanlari! Edebiyat, proletaryan\u0131n genel davas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmeli, b\u00fct\u00fcn proletaryan\u0131n politik olarak bilin\u00e7li b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan harekete ge\u00e7irilen o tek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck Sosyal-Demokrat mekanizman\u0131n “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ark\u0131 ve vidas\u0131” olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\t“Her benzetmede bir kusur vard\u0131r” der bir Alrnan atas\u00f6z\u00fc. Benim edebiyat\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015fliye, canl\u0131 bir hareketi, bir mekanizmaya benzeti\u015fim de \u00f6yle olabilir. Fikirlerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, ele\u015ftiri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, edebi yarat\u0131m \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, vs., vs., al\u00e7alt\u0131yor, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, “b\u00fcrokratla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor” diye b\u00f6yle bir benzetme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 basacak isterik ayd\u0131nlar bulunacakt\u0131r belki de. Ancak bu gibi \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar, burjuva ayd\u0131n bireycili\u011finin bir ifadesinden ba\u015fka bir anlama gelmeyecektir. Edebiyat\u0131n, mekanik bir ayarlamaya ya da ayn\u0131 bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7ine konmaya, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 yaratmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sug\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir ger\u00e7ektir. Bu alanda ki\u015fisel giri\u015fkenli\u011fe, bireysel e\u011filimlere, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve hayalg\u00fcc\u00fcne, bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7eri\u011fe kesinlikle daha geni\u015f yer verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de ku\u015fku g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri yads\u0131namaz; ama b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, proletarya partisi davas\u0131n\u0131n edebi cephesinin, \u00f6b\u00fcr cepheleriyle mekanik bir bi\u00e7imde bir tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir sadece. Ancak bu da, burjuvaziye ve burjuva demokrasisine yabanc\u0131 ve garip gelen, edebiyat\u0131n mutlaka, ister istemez Sosyal-Demokrat Parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6\u011fesi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6b\u00fcr \u00f6\u011felerine ayr\u0131lmaz bir bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rrnaz. Gazeteler, \u00e7e\u015fitli parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin organlar\u0131 haline gelmeli ve bu gazetelerin yazarlar\u0131 mutlaka bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin \u00fcyesi olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Yay\u0131n ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m merkezleri, kitap\u00e7\u0131lar ve kitapl\u0131klar, kitabevleri ile benzer kurulu\u015flar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Parti denetimi alt\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc sosyalist proleterya, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kendi g\u00f6zetirninde bulundurmal\u0131, ba\u015ftan sona denetlemeli ve ayr\u0131ms\u0131z, b\u00fct\u00fcn her yere, ya\u015fayan proleterya davas\u0131n\u0131n hayat dolu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeli ve b\u00f6ylece, “yazar\u0131n i\u015fi yazmak, okuyucununki okumak” diyen o yar\u0131 Oblomovcu, yan bezirgan, eski Rus ilkesinin ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yerden kesmelidir.<\/p>\n
\tAsya’ya \u00f6zg\u00fc sans\u00fcr\u00fcn ve Avrupa burjuvazisin\u0131n yozla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 edebi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir anda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frat\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fcyoruz pek tabii.. \u00d6\u00e7\u00fcleri belirli herhangi bir sistemi savunrnak, ya da sorunu bir tak\u0131m buyrultularla \u00e7\u00f6zmeye kalkmak akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ucundan bile ge\u00e7mez. Kupkuru \u015femalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 en az s\u00f6zkonusu olacak \u015feydir burda. T\u00fcm partimiz ve Rusya’da siyasal bilin\u00e7li Sosyal-Demokrat proleteryan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, bu yeni sorunun fark\u0131na varmal\u0131, onu yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mal\u0131 ve heryerde \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r, asl\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey budur. Feodal sans\u00fcr\u00fcn zincirlerinden kurtulan bizler, burjuva bezirgan edebi ili\u015fkilerin tutsa\u011f\u0131 haline gelmek istemiyoruz, gelmeyece\u011fiz de. Yaln\u0131z polis bask\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ama sermayenin de egemenli\u011finden, t\u00fcccarl\u0131ktan, dahas\u0131, burjuva-anar\u015fist bireycilikten ar\u0131nmi\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir bas\u0131n yaratmak istiyoruz, yarataca\u011f\u0131z da.<\/p>\n
\tBu son s\u00f6zler okuyucuya ayk\u0131r\u0131 ya da hakaretmi\u015f gibi gelebilir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn co\u015fkulu savunucusu birka\u00e7 ayd\u0131n “ne!” diye ba\u011f\u0131racaklard\u0131r belki de. Demek, siz yaz\u0131 yazmak gibi alabildi\u011fine ince, bireysel bir konuyu ortakla\u015fa denetim alt\u0131na almak istiyorsunuz! Bilimin, felsefenin ya da esteti\u011fin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fuyla i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7\u00f6zs\u00fcn istiyorsunuz! B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckle bireysel olan fikirsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc inkar ediyorsunuz demek!<\/p>\n
\tSakin olun, baylar! En \u00f6nce, biz burda partili edebiyat\u0131 ve onun parti denetimine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Herkes hi\u00e7bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n diledi\u011fince s\u00f6yleyip yazmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Ama, (parti dahil) b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcr kurulu\u015flar da, parti d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in partiden yararlanan \u00fcyeleri kovmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr. S\u00f6z ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tam olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de tam olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ben s\u00f6z \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ad\u0131na sana hayk\u0131rma, yalan s\u00f6yleme ve can\u0131n ne istiyorsa onu yazma hakk\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak tan\u0131mak zorunday\u0131m. Ama sen de \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ad\u0131na bana \u015fu ya da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip \u00e7\u0131kan kimselerle biraraya gelme ya da ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermelisin. Parti, kendi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip \u00e7\u0131kan kimseleri kendinden ar\u0131nd\u0131rmadik\u00e7a \u00f6nce ideolojik, sonra maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir kurulu\u015ftur. Partili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f1erle parti d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in ortada parti program\u0131, partinin taktik kararlar\u0131 ve t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, en sonunda da, proleteryan\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr kurulu\u015f1ar\u0131n\u0131n, uluslararas\u0131 Sosyal-Demokrasi’nin t\u00fcm deneyleri vard\u0131r; proleterya partileri i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckle tutarl\u0131, tastamam Marksist, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle do\u011fru olmayan bireysel \u00f6\u011fe ve e\u011filimler varolagelmi\u015ftir hep, ama buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bu partilerin kendi saflar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hep d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem “temizlikler” de olmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, burjuva “ele\u015ftirl \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc” baylar, bizim Partimiz i\u00e7inde de olacakt\u0131r. Bir kitle partisi haline gelmek \u00fczereyiz, a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olmaya do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7iriyoruz; (Marksist a\u00e7\u0131dan) tutars\u0131z bir\u00e7ok kimse, hatta baz\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan unsurlar, belki mistik ki\u015filer bile gelip aram\u0131za kat\u0131lacakt\u0131r, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fey bu. Ama, midemiz sa\u011flam ve ta\u015f gibi Marksistiz. Tutars\u0131z unsurlar\u0131 kendi i\u00e7imizde \u00f6z\u00fcmleyece\u011fiz. Parti i\u00e7inde fikir ve ele\u015ftiri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, insanlar\u0131n parti ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6zg\u00fcr kurulu\u015flarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenrne \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bize unutturamayacakt\u0131r hi\u00e7bir zaman.<\/p>\n
\t\u0130kinci olarak da, say\u0131n burjuva bireyciler, mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7ekti\u011finiz s\u00f6ylevlerin ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fckten ba\u015fka bir\u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyece\u011fiz sizlere. Para g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f bir toplumda, bir avu\u00e7 zengin insan asalak halinde ya\u015farken emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n yoksulluk i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fckleri bir toplumda ger\u00e7ek. fiili hi\u00e7bir “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” olamaz. Siz, Bay Yazar, sizden all\u0131 pullu, \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde [*] a\u00e7\u0131ksa\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve “kutsal” sahne sanat\u0131 “\u00fcst\u00fcne \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc” bir k\u0131l\u0131f i\u00e7inde fuhu\u015f isteyen burjuva yay\u0131nc\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, burjuva kamuya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr m\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcz? O mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck denen \u015fey ya bir burjuva palavras\u0131d\u0131r, ya da (bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olarak anar\u015fizm, tersine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f burjuva d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) anar\u015fist bir palavrad\u0131r. \u0130nsan hem toplum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fay\u0131p, hem de ondan \u00f6zg\u00fcr olamaz. Burjuva yazar\u0131n, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, oyuncunun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, para kesesine, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye, sat\u0131l\u0131k olmaya gizlice (ya da ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde gizlice) ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\t\u0130\u015fte biz sosyalistler, bu ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa seriyor, sahte etiketleri s\u00f6k\u00fcyoruz; bunu da, s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z bir edebiyat ve sanata varmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey s\u0131n\u0131f-d\u0131\u015f\u0131, sosyalist bir toplumda olabilir ancak), ama, ger\u00e7ekte burjuvaziye ba\u011fl\u0131 bu ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcr edebiyat\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a proletaryaya ba\u011fl\u0131, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir edebiyat \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\tBu edebiyat \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir edebiyat olacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu edebiyat\u0131n saflar\u0131na hep yeni g\u00fc\u00e7ler katacak olan \u015fey, h\u0131rb ya da kariyerizm de\u011fil, sosyalizm fikri ve emek\u00e7ilere duyulan yak\u0131nl\u0131k olacakt\u0131r. Bu edebiyat \u00f6zg\u00fcr olacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir tak\u0131m i\u00e7i ge\u00e7mi\u015f kad\u0131nlara, \u015fi\u015fmanlamaktan yak\u0131nan, can\u0131 s\u0131kk\u0131n “\u00fcst tabaka”ya de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi, g\u00fcc\u00fc ve gelece\u011fi olan milyonlarca, y\u00fcz milyonlarca emek\u00e7iye hizmet edecektir. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcr edebiyat insano\u011flunun devrirnci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki son s\u00f6z\u00fc sosyalist proletaryan\u0131n deneyi ve canl\u0131 faaliyetiyle zenginle\u015ftirecek, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin deneyi (ilkel, \u00fctopik bi\u00e7imlerinden ba\u015flayarak geli\u015fen sosyalizmin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 son a\u015fama olan bilimsel sosyalizm) ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn deneyi (i\u015f\u00e7i yolda\u015flar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fccadelesi) aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etki yaratacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\tO halde yolda\u015flar, i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na! Yeni ve g\u00fc\u00e7 bir g\u00f6revle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Ama, Sosyal-Demokrat i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketine kopmaz bir bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fl\u0131, geni\u015f, zengin ve renkli bir edebiyat\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek gibi soylu ve g\u00f6nendirici bir g\u00f6rev. B\u00fct\u00fcn Sosyal-Demokrat edebiyat Parti edebiyat\u0131 haline gelmelidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn gazeteler, dergiler, yay\u0131nevleri, vs.. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na hemen yeniden \u00e7ekid\u00fczen verrneli, Partinin \u015fu yada bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle \u015fu ya da bu bi\u00e7imde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fecek bir \u015fekle do\u011fru gitmelidir. “Sosyal Demokrat” edebiyat ancak o zaman kendi ad\u0131na ger\u00e7ekten yara\u015f\u0131r bir hale gelecek, ancak o zaman g\u00f6revini yerine getirecek ve burjuva toplum \u00e7er\u00e7evesi i\u00e7inde bile, burjuvaziye k\u00f6lelik etmekten kurtularak, ger\u00e7ekten en \u00f6n saflarda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen ve sonuna kadar devrimci olan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n hareketi i\u00e7inde yer alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Noveya Zhizn, Say\u0131: 12,
\n13 Kas\u0131m 1905
\n\u0130mza: N. Lenin,
\nToplu Yap\u0131tlar, Cilt 10, s. 44-49.<\/p>\n
Dipnotlar<\/p>\n[1*] Bu yaz\u0131, 1905 Kas\u0131m\u0131nda, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden sonra Lenin St. Petersburg’a geldi\u011fi zaman, yasal Bol\u015fevik gazetesi, Novaya Zhizn’in (Yeni Hayat’\u0131n) 12. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Novaya Zhizn, 1905’te, St. Petersburg’da Ekim’den Kas\u0131m’a kadar g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. St. Petersburg’a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Lenin, o d\u00f6nemde RSD\u0130P’nin Merkezi Organ\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f olan gazetenin yay\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 oldu. Gazeteye yazanlar aras\u0131nda V.V. Vorovski, M.S. Olminski ve A.V. Luna\u00e7arski de vard\u0131. Gazeteye mali destek sa\u011flayan Maksim Gorki’nin de gazete \u00fcst\u00fcnde etkinle bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n
Novaya Zhizn, yetkili makamlann s\u00fcrekli bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. 27 say\u0131s\u0131ndan onbe\u015fine el kondu ve yokedildi. Gazete 27. say\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra kapat\u0131ld\u0131. En son 28. say\u0131 yasa-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n[2*] Burda s\u00f6zkonusu, halka sivil haklar tan\u0131yan 17 Ekim 1905 Mantfestosu’nu \u00e7ar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na yol aran 1905 Ekim’indeki genel siyasi grevdir. Bol\u015fevikler kendi gazetelerini yasal yoldan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu yerel bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yararland\u0131lar. Aral\u0131k ay\u0131ndan sonra 1905 silahl\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Otokrasi i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile yay\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n[3*] Izvestia Soveta Rabochikh Deputatov (\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Temsilcileri Sovyeti B\u00fclteni): 1905’te Ekim’den Aral\u0131k’a kadar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, St. Petersburg \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Temsilcileri Sovyeti organ\u0131. On say\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, 11. say\u0131, bas\u0131l\u0131rken polis taraf\u0131ndan toplat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n[4*] Proletary (Proleter): \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Parti Kurultay\u0131’n\u0131n karar\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f, RSD\u0130P’nin Merkez Organ\u0131, yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bol\u015fevik haftal\u0131k gazete; 1905 May\u0131s\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m\u0131na kadar, Lenin’in yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, Cenova’da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f; 26 say\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (25. ve 26. say\u0131lar, Lenin Rusyaya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, V.V. Vorovski’nin yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). Yaz\u0131 kurulunun s\u00fcrekli \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda A.V. Luna\u00e7arski ile M.S. Olminsmi de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n[*] Asl\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir; yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flam\u0131 romanokh’\u0131 (romanlar\u0131) kastederken, ramkakh (\u00e7er\u00e7eve) yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
13 Kas\u0131m 1905 tarihinde
\nNoveya Zhizn, Say\u0131: 12’de yay\u0131nland\u0131.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn Eserler, Cilt: 10, s. 44-49<\/p>\n[Marks-Engels-Lenin: Sanat ve Edebiyat \u00dczerine, s: 234-241, Ocak 1990, I. bask\u0131, Ekim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. \u00c7eviren: Aziz \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rusya’da Sosyal-Demokrat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in Ekim Devrimi’nden[2*] sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni ko\u015fullar parti edebiyati sorununu g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. Yasal bas\u0131nla yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bas\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m; feodal, otokratik Rusya d\u00f6neminden kalan bu hazin miras, art\u0131k ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak hen\u00fcz yitip gitm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir, buna daha \u00e7ok zaman var. Ba\u015fbakan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6ylesin azg\u0131n delilik halinde ki, Izvestia Soveta …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":726,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/725\/revisions\/726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/partiyakomunistekurdistan.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}